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Microsoft GH-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Configure and use Code Scanning with CodeQL: This domain measures skills of Application Security Analysts and DevSecOps Engineers in code scanning using both CodeQL and third-party tools. It covers enabling code scanning, the role of code scanning in the development lifecycle, differences between enabling CodeQL versus third-party analysis, implementing CodeQL in GitHub Actions workflows versus other CI tools, uploading SARIF results, configuring workflow frequency and triggering events, editing workflow templates for active repositories, viewing CodeQL scan results, troubleshooting workflow failures and customizing configurations, analyzing data flows through code, interpreting code scanning alerts with linked documentation, deciding when to dismiss alerts, understanding CodeQL limitations related to compilation and language support, and defining SARIF categories.

Topic 2

Describe the GHAS security features and functionality: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Engineers and Software Developers and covers understanding the role of GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS) features within the overall security ecosystem. Candidates learn to differentiate security features available automatically for open source projects versus those unlocked when GHAS is paired with GitHub Enterprise Cloud (GHEC) or GitHub Enterprise Server (GHES). The domain includes knowledge of Security Overview dashboards, the distinctions between secret scanning and code scanning, and how secret scanning, code scanning, and Dependabot work together to secure the software development lifecycle. It also covers scenarios contrasting isolated security reviews with integrated security throughout the development lifecycle, how vulnerable dependencies are detected using manifests and vulnerability databases, appropriate responses to alerts, the risks of ignoring alerts, developer responsibilities for alerts, access management for viewing alerts, and the placement of Dependabot alerts in the development process.

Topic 3

Configure and use Dependabot and Dependency Review: Focused on Software Engineers and Vulnerability Management Specialists, this section describes tools for managing vulnerabilities in dependencies. Candidates learn about the dependency graph and how it is generated, the concept and format of the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), definitions of dependency vulnerabilities, Dependabot alerts and security updates, and Dependency Review functionality. It covers how alerts are generated based on the dependency graph and GitHub Advisory Database, differences between Dependabot and Dependency Review, enabling and configuring these tools in private repositories and organizations, default alert settings, required permissions, creating Dependabot configuration files and rules to auto-dismiss alerts, setting up Dependency Review workflows including license checks and severity thresholds, configuring notifications, identifying vulnerabilities from alerts and pull requests, enabling security updates, and taking remediation actions including testing and merging pull requests.

Topic 4

Configure and use secret scanning: This domain targets DevOps Engineers and Security Analysts with the skills to configure and manage secret scanning. It includes understanding what secret scanning is and its push protection capability to prevent secret leaks. Candidates differentiate secret scanning availability in public versus private repositories, enable scanning in private repos, and learn how to respond appropriately to alerts. The domain covers alert generation criteria for secrets, user role-based alert visibility and notification, customizing default scanning behavior, assigning alert recipients beyond admins, excluding files from scans, and enabling custom secret scanning within repositories.

Topic 5

Describe GitHub Advanced Security best practices, results, and how to take corrective measures: This section evaluates skills of Security Managers and Development Team Leads in effectively handling GHAS results and applying best practices. It includes using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers to describe alerts and suggest remediation, decision-making processes for closing or dismissing alerts including documentation and data-based decisions, understanding default CodeQL query suites, how CodeQL analyzes compiled versus interpreted languages, the roles and responsibilities of development and security teams in workflows, adjusting severity thresholds for code scanning pull request status checks, prioritizing secret scanning remediation with filters, enforcing CodeQL and Dependency Review workflows via repository rulesets, and configuring code scanning, secret scanning, and dependency analysis to detect and remediate vulnerabilities earlier in the development lifecycle, such as during pull requests or by enabling push protection.

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Microsoft GitHub Advanced Security Sample Questions (Q69-Q74):

NEW QUESTION # 69
When secret scanning detects a set of credentials on a public repository, what does GitHub do?

A. It notifies the service provider who issued the secret.
B. It displays a public alert in the Security tab of the repository.
C. It scans the contents of the commits for additional secrets.
D. It sends a notification to repository members.

Answer: A

Explanation:
When a public repository contains credentials that match known secret formats, GitHub will automatically notify the service provider that issued the secret. This process is known as "secret scanning partner notification". The provider may then revoke the secret or contact the user directly.
GitHub does not publicly display the alert and does not send internal repository notifications for public detections.

NEW QUESTION # 70
As a developer with write access, you navigate to a code scanning alert in your repository. When will GitHub close this alert?

A. After you triage the pull request containing the alert
B. When you use data-flow analysis to find potential security issues in code
C. After you find the code and click the alert within the pull request
D. After you fix the code by committing within the pull request

Answer: D

Explanation:
GitHub automatically closes a code scanning alert when the vulnerable code is fixed in the same branch where the alert was generated, usually via a commit inside a pull request. Simply clicking or triaging an alert does not resolve it. The alert is re-evaluated after each push to the branch, and if the issue no longer exists, it is marked as resolved.

NEW QUESTION # 71
What is a security policy?

A. A file in a GitHub repository that provides instructions to users about how to report a security vulnerability
B. A security alert issued to a community in response to a vulnerability
C. An automatic detection of security vulnerabilities and coding errors in new or modified code
D. An alert about dependencies that are known to contain security vulnerabilities

Answer: A

Explanation:
A security policy is defined by a SECURITY.md file in the root of your repository or .github/ directory. This file informs contributors and security researchers about how to responsibly report vulnerabilities. It improves your project's transparency and ensures timely communication and mitigation of any reported issues.
Adding this file also enables a "Report a vulnerability" button in the repository's Security tab.

NEW QUESTION # 72
When configuring code scanning with CodeQL, what are your options for specifying additional queries? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose two.)

A. github/codeql
B. Packs
C. Scope
D. Queries

Answer: B,D

Explanation:
You can customize CodeQL scanning by including additional query packs or by specifying individual queries:
Packs: These are reusable collections of CodeQL queries bundled into a single package.
Queries: You can point to specific files or directories containing .ql queries to include in the analysis.
github/codeql refers to a pack by name but is not a method or field. Scope is not a valid field used for configuration in this context.

NEW QUESTION # 73
As a repository owner, you do not want to run a GitHub Actions workflow when changes are made to any .txt or markdown files. How would you adjust the event trigger for a pull request that targets the main branch? (Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose three.) on:
pull_request:
branches: [main]

A. paths-ignore:
B. - 'docs/*.md'
C. - '/*.txt'
D. - '/*.md'
E. paths:

Answer: A,C,D

Explanation:
To exclude .txt and .md files from triggering workflows on pull requests to the main branch:
on: defines the event (e.g., pull_request)
pull_request: is the trigger
paths-ignore: is the key used to ignore file patterns
Example YAML:
yaml
CopyEdit
on:
pull_request:
branches:
- main
paths-ignore:
- '*.md'
- '*.txt'
Using paths: would include only specific files instead - not exclude. paths-ignore: is correct here.

NEW QUESTION # 74
......

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